Science

Targeting the ELANE Pathway for Selective Cytotoxicity That Kills Cancer, Not Immunity

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The ELANE Pathway in Two Minutes

N17350 (NEU-001) and NEU-002 are investigational and have not been approved by the FDA or any other regulatory authority. Safety and efficacy have not been established.

A New Class of Therapeutics That Eradicate Cancer Cells While Preserving and Activating the Immune System

Today's cancer treatments often force a choice between directly attacking tumor cells or harnessing the body's immune response. Traditional cytotoxic therapies can be powerful tumor killers but can also damage the very immune cells needed for effective, long-term cancer control. Immunotherapies, on the other hand, activate the immune system to fight cancer but sometimes lack the immediate cell-killing power required to overcome resistant tumors.

At Onchilles, we believe there's a better way. We are pioneering next-generation selective cytotoxic agents that offer broad cancer-killing capabilities while preserving, and even activating, immune cells. Our goal is to ensure that potent tumor destruction goes hand in hand with long-lasting anti-tumor immunity. Through innovative science that selectively targets cancer cells, we strive to transform cancer treatment for patients worldwide.

The problem

Cancer Treatment Has Always Meant Compromise

Every established modality trades one thing for another. Breadth costs the immune system. Selectivity costs coverage. Immune activation fails the moment the tumor hides.

Chemotherapy

Broad, but indiscriminate.

Toxic to cancer cells, but also to the immune cells the body needs to fight disease.

Targeted therapy

Selective, but incomplete.

Tumor heterogeneity means many cells lack the target. Those cells are missed, and they are the cells that grow back.

Immunotherapy

Powerful, until cancer hides.

Checkpoint inhibitors release the brakes on immunity, but they fail when the tumor shields itself from immune recognition.

Onchilles is pursuing a new paradigm: broad tumor killing that is selective for cancer over healthy cells, delivered by a single agent that leaves the immune system intact to finish the job.

The ELANE Pathway

A Breakthrough in Selective Cancer Cytotoxicity

The ELANE pathway was discovered by our scientific founder, Dr. Lev Becker, and enables the selective eradication of cancer cells regardless of their genetic makeup or anatomical origin while sparing healthy tissue including immune cells (Cell, 2021). By therapeutically targeting the ELANE pathway, Onchilles exploits altered histone H1 biology, a critical vulnerability shared by all cancer cells. This hallmark of cancer drives genomic instability, aberrant gene expression, and unchecked proliferation. Onchilles' research shows that essential components of the ELANE pathway are active in patient samples, indicating broad real-world applicability.

Foundational Publication in Cell

Mechanism of action

From Cell Entry to Immunogenic Cell Death

The cascade shown in the animation, step by step. Each step depends on the one before it, and the whole sequence depends on histone H1 biology being deregulated.

01
Entry
The therapeutic elastase enters the cancer cell.
02
Cleavage
It cleaves the CD95 (FAS) receptor, releasing the C-terminal death domain into the cytoplasm.
03
Complex formation
The liberated death domain binds histone H1, which translocates from the nucleus.
04
Disruption
The complex disrupts mitochondrial and DNA integrity, committing the cell to death.
05
Immunogenic cell death
The dying cell releases tumor antigens and immunostimulatory signals (DAMPs) that recruit the immune system.

Why normal cells are spared

Healthy cells, including immune cells, keep histone H1 at low levels and limited translocation to the cytosol occurs. They cannot form enough of the complex between the death domain and histone H1 to trigger the cascade, so at therapeutic doses they are largely unaffected.

Kill to train

Tumor Killing That Trains the Immune System

Conventional cytotoxics kill silently and take the immune system down with them. ELANE-mediated death is immunogenic. It kills the tumor in front of it and teaches the immune system to find the ones it cannot see.

One agent works through two mechanisms. It destroys tumor cells rapidly and selectively, and activates systemic immunity that can target distant disease.

Second wave, anti-tumor immunity

Because immune cells survive the first wave, the antigens and danger signals released by dying cancer cells reach an intact immune system. Activated CD8+ T cells then recognize and attack tumors that were never treated directly.

Trained by: Tumor antigens plus immunostimulatory signals released during immunogenic cell death
Effect: Increased CD8+ T cell activity and reduction of untreated tumors in preclinical models
Scope: Observed in immunologically hot and cold tumors
Durability: Durable immune memory and improved activity of checkpoint inhibitors

Targeting the ELANE Pathway

Onchilles Pharma has used extensive translational research to develop first-in-class drug candidates that selectively kill cancer cells while preserving immune function. Through rigorous testing, Onchilles has validated the ELANE pathway as a powerful mechanism for cancer-selective cytotoxicity.

To ensure clinical relevance, the company prioritized patient-derived models and experiments designed to replicate the complexities of clinical treatment, leading to the creation of its proprietary drug candidates: N17350 (NEU-001), a tumor-directed therapeutic for localized delivery, and NEU-002, an intravenously administered agent for systemic treatment.

These next-generation therapeutics demonstrate

Broad cancer cell killing to overcome tumor heterogeneity and generate a diverse antigen repertoire, all while preserving immune cells

Immune activation and CD8+ T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity, effective in both “cold” and “hot” tumors

No observed resistance and sustained potency following repeated dosing

No cross-resistance, retaining efficacy in chemo- and checkpoint inhibitor-resistant tumors

This work is now being tested in patients. OP-NEU-101, a Phase 1/2 study of intratumoral N17350 in adults with advanced solid tumors (NCT07339176), is enrolling at sites in the US and Australia.

Explore Our Pipeline

Publications and Presentations

Peer-reviewed papers and conference presentations on the ELANE pathway, N17350, and NEU-002.